Changes in [Ca2+]i, membrane potential, and testosterone secretion in TM3 cells induced by c-Kit and ANO1 inhibitors. (A) A representative Ca2+ wave in response to LH treatment. (B) Reduction in the intracellular Ca2+ level by c-Kit inhibition. Cells were loaded with Fluo-3 AM for 30 min, and the intensity was normalized to evaluate changes in Ca2+ levels. The bar graphs show the net changes in [Ca2+]i. *p < 0.05 compared to treatment with LH alone. Each bar represents the mean ± SD of four independent experiments. The F and F0 represent maximal fluorescence intensity and basal fluorescence intensity before treatment, respectively. (C) Changes in plasma membrane potential. Green FluoVolt® membrane labeling dye was stained and the intensity was quantified using the Fluoview software program. The bar graphs show the net changes in plasma membrane potential displayed as relative fluorescence intensity (arbitrary units, a.u.). *p < 0.05 compared to control (no treatment). (D) Testosterone concentration. After 24 h of treatment with LH in TM3 cells, the concentration of testosterone secreted from cells was measured. Each bar represents the mean ± SD of four independent experiments. *p < 0.05 compared to control. †p < 0.05 compared to LH treatment.