Characterization of chicken embryonic stem cell-like cells. (A) Chicken embryonic stem cell-like cells at passage 5 (P5) showed stem cell morphology and positive staining of key stem cell markers, including alkaline phosphatase and periodic acid-Schiff. Scale bar: 100 μm. (B) The endogenous Pou5f3, Sox2, and NANOG genes in chicken embryonic stem cell-like cells showed higher expression than those in undifferentiated stage X embryos. All data are expressed as the mean ± standard error from three independent experiments. A p value <0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.