Acridine orange (AO) staining. Sperm heads having intact DNA structure fluoresce green when AO binds to double-stranded DNA. Sperm heads having disintegrated DNA (single-stranded DNA) fluoresce a spectrum of colors ranging from orange, red to partially or entirely red.

Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology 2024;39:179-93 https://doi.org/10.12750/JARB.39.3.179